From Liszt To Ligeti

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A spectacular tribute to Hungarian-born composers, from the brilliant, award-winning performers - Grammy-nominated violinist ELMIRA DARVAROVA (first and only woman-concertmaster of The Metropolitan Opera) and pianist THOMAS WEAVER (professor at Curtis Institute of Music), the album "FROM LISZT TO LIGETI" brings an exceptionally vivid narrative linking historic milestones in the legacies of a number of superb Hungarian-born musicians - composers and performers, who have so enormously contributed to enriching the world's cultural treasure-trove. Liszt, Joachim, Bartók, Kodály, Hubay, Goldmark, Ligeti - they have all bequeathed us masterpieces to behold and cherish, throughout several centuries of showcasing, shaping, preserving, and amalgamating national traditions and global influences through the prism of their own personal creative gifts. This album is a charismatically kaleidoscopic retrospective that traces the historic perspective of how uniquely innovative artists such as Bartók and Kodály built the cornerstones of their oeuvre by exploring, embracing, critically analyzing, and then reshaping Liszt's ideals. It also explores how Ligeti followed on the heels of Bartók and Kodály with his own ethnomusicological research, creating, still in his student days, a little-known Duo that he kept editing and crystallizing throughout his life and various periods of transforming and modernizing, but then later returning to conventionally established expressive means. Additionally, it delves into how Joachim - as a muse to numerous music giants, such as Brahms, Liszt, Dvorák, Bruch, Robert and Clara Schumann - influenced and caused cataclysmic events without which the history of music would not have been the same. In addition to the best-known Hungarian-born composers Liszt, Bartók, Kodály, and Ligeti, the inclusion of Joachim in this album as a co-author (not just dedicatee) of Liszt's "Hungarian Rhapsody No. 12" (in it's version for violin and piano) makes sense historically not only because Joachim in his transcription radically transformed Liszt's composition but also because Joachim famously contributed to the creation of numerous gems by some of the greatest-ever composers, such as the violin concertos by Dvorák and Bruch (who published these works after Joachim helped in creating them) and Brahms' First Piano Concerto (bearing Joachim's handwritten corrections which elicited "thank-you" letters from Brahms, during the 4 years Brahms took to write that concerto). The inclusion in this album of the Hungarian-born composers Hubay and Goldmark is also well-justified, bringing up yet other interesting dimensions to the album's narrative. The album's deeply-considered collection explores the affecting lyrical gift of Goldmark, who, as the largely self-taught son of a synagogue cantor, followed his ingrained melodic instincts from growing up without riches among 20 siblings, to becoming Vienna's leading composer (after the deaths of Brahms and Bruckner), teaching Sibelius, and writing a mind-blowing violin concerto, a symphony championed by Sir Thomas Beecham and by Leonard Bernstein, and several operas, one of which was produced at The Metropolitan Opera in 1885, and three of which were presented in Vienna during Mahler's leadership of the Court Theatre. Hubay's unparalleled contribution as a historical "cross-roads" figure is also well-defined in this album, not only because of who he was - the son of an elite musician (who conducted the Budapest premiere of Wagner's "Lohengrin"), a student of Joachim, a department head at Brussels' Royal Conservatory (succeeding Vieuxtemps and Wieniawski), a chamber music partner of Liszt and of Brahms (performing with Brahms the world-premiere of Brahms' D Minor Violin Sonata, and the world-premiere of Brahms' Third Piano Trio), composer of numerous concertos, symphonies, and operas (one of which was embroiled in a scandal reported 100 years ago by The New York Times), and the teacher of many illustrious star-violinists who became muses to Bartók, Kodály, Ravel, Holst, Vaughan Williams, Rebecca Clarke (among these violin prodigies were Bartók's girlfriend Stefi Geyer, Eugene Ormandy of The Philadelphia Orchestra fame, and Joachim's great-nieces Jelly d'Arányi and Adila Fachiri, who not only inspired Bartók and many others but also spear-headed the search for Schumann's long-suppressed violin concerto, "cancelled" and hidden by it's dedicatee - their great-uncle Joachim). The choice of Hubay's well-known czardas "Hejre Kati" for inclusion in this album reflects the evolution and role of that genre in the history of Hungarian musical traditions - from the early roots of czardas stemming from verbunkos (used even by Haydn), to it's controversial misappropriation by dilettante performers whose inflectional performing style was confused and misinterpreted by Liszt as original Hungarian folk melodies, to more tasteful artistically expressed concert-stage compositions (like Hubay's "Hejre Kati"), to the eventual dethroning and demythologizing of the czardas by Bartók and Kodály, who discovered, revealed, and incorporated the true authenticity of their home country's original folk music. The album selections follow Bartók's evolving from the student-composer of a traditionally-profiled, Romantically-influenced Andante and the mature creator of "15 Hungarian Peasant Songs" and "Rhapsody for Violin and Piano No.1" (embodying his scientific and artistic mission to reveal the exquisitely-uncontroverted authentic beauty of ancient folk melodies) to the transfigured innovator who elevated and transformed old rustic traditions, fusing them into new and progressive forms and rhythms, reaching out to impressionism and jazz (as depicted in Bartók's "Dance in Bulgarian Rhythm No. 6"), and paving the way for Ligeti's experimentalism, which, through multiple "back and forth" constructing and de-constructing, reflected Ligeti's never-ending search for artistic inspiration (this album presents the, recorded here only for the second time, recently-discovered Duo for Violin and Piano, which Ligeti never submitted for publication but continued returning to, and working on). The unusually meticulous album notes cover the multi-dimensional, serendipitous, and cross-pollinating nature of essential events and legacies, which endure and continue to fascinate us.